Nitric oxide

Agent Name
Nitric oxide
CAS Number
10102-43-9
Formula
N-O
Major Category
Toxic Gases & Vapors
Synonyms
Amidogen, oxo-; Bioxyde d'azote [French]; INOmax; Mononitrogen monoxide; Nitric oxide; Nitrogen monoxide; Nitrogen oxide (NO); Oxyde nitrique [French]; Stickmonoxyd [German]; [ChemIDplus] UN1660
Category
Oxidizers
Description
Colorless gas. (Note: Shipped as a nonliquefied compressed gas.) [NIOSH] NO is converted to NO2 spontaneously in air. [ACGIH]
Sources/Uses
Used in the production of nitric acid; formed in high temperature combustion such as welding and detonation of explosives; it is generated in fires and in the exhaust from internal combustion engines; nitric oxide is present in the toxic gas that causes fatal "silo-fillers' disease" at concentrations reaching 140 ppm; Most exposures to NO include exposure to other nitrogen oxides as well. In oxytorch welding at about 6000 deg C, NO comprises about 95% of the nitrogen oxides. [ACGIH]
Comments
Unlike NO2, NO diffuses into the blood without injuring lung tissue. Methemoglobinemia has been reported in workers exposed to concentrations above 10 ppm. [Rom, p. 1476] Methemoglobinemia has been reported in patients who received nitrous oxide contaminated with 1.5% nitric oxide. Listed in the table "Examples of Industrial Chemicals for Which Methemoglobin Formation is NOT the Principal Cause of Toxicity"; [ACGIH] Nitric oxide can induce methemoglobinemia. NO by itself is nonirritating, but it is usually accompanied by NO2 and other irritating nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxides in high concentrations cause delayed pulmonary edema. [ATSDR Medical Management]
Biomedical References

Exposure Assessment

BEI
Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]
Skin Designation (ACGIH)
Insufficient data
TIH
Yes
TLV (ACGIH)
25 ppm
PEL (OSHA)
25 ppm
MAK
0.5 ppm
IDLH (NIOSH)
100 ppm
Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs
Other animal data: Guinea pigs have survived an exposure at 175 ppm for an unstated period [Bodansky 1951]. . . . Human data: It has been stated that exposures to oxides of nitrogen between 100 and 150 ppm are dangerous for exposures of 30 to 60 minutes [Sax 1975].
Odor Threshold Low
0.29 ppm
Odor Threshold High
0.97 ppm
Lethal Concentration
LC50 (rat) = 1,068 mg/m3/4H
Explanatory Notes
Odor thresholds from HSDB;
NFPA
will not burn

Adverse Effects

Toxic Pneumonitis
Yes
Methemoglobinemia
MetHgb is secondary toxic effect

Diseases, Processes, and Activities Linked to This Agent

Diseases

Occupational diseases associated with exposure to this agent:

Processes

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:

Activities

Activities with risk of exposure: