p-Phenylenediamine

Synonyms

1,4-Diaminobenzene; 1,4-Phenylenediamine; 4-Aminoaniline; 6PPD; AI3-00710; BASF ursol D; Benzofur D; C.I. 76060; C.I. Developer 13; C.I. Oxidation Base 10; CI 76060; CI Developer 13; CI Oxidation Base 10; Developer 13; Developer PF; Durafur Black R; FUR Brown 41866; Fenylenodwuamina [Polish]; Fouramine D; Fourrine 1; Fourrine D; Fur Black 41866; Fur Black 41867; Fur Yellow; Furro D; Futramine D; Nako H; Orsin; Oxidation Base 10; PARA; Paraphenylen-diamine; Paraphenylenediamine; Pelagol D; Pelagol DR; Pelagol Grey D; Peltol D; Phenylenediamine; Renal PF; Rodol D; Santoflex IC; Santoflex LC; Tertral D; USAF EK-394; Ursol D; Vulkanox 4020; Zoba Black D; p-Aminoaniline; p-Benzenediamine; p-Diaminobenzene; p-Fenylendiamin [Czech]; p-Phenyldiamine; p-Phenylenediamine; UN1673; [ChemIDplus]

Category

Amines, Aromatic

Description

White to slightly red, crystalline solid; [NIOSH]

Sources/Uses

Used to dye hair and fur; also used to develop photographs and to synthesize other organic compounds; [ACGIH] Occupational asthma reported in fur dyers; [Malo] Allergic contact dermatitis in hairdressers, mechanics, printers, and textile workers; [Marks] Used to dye leather; [PMID 21938525]

Comments

An important dye used for permanent hair coloring, the dye itself (but not the dyed hair) can cause allergic contact dermatitis. [Marks, p. 111] Immunologic contact urticaria documented; [Kanerva, p. 219] In animal experiments, intraperitoneal injections induce methemoglobinemia, and chronic feeding causes fatty degeneration of the liver. Liver injury after occupational exposure has been reported. [ACGIH] Potential adverse effects include asthma, allergic contact dermatitis, methemoglobinemia, and kidney injury; [ICSC]

Reference Link #1

Biomedical References

Insufficient data

0.1 mg/m3

0.1 mg/m3

0.1 mg/m3, inhalable fraction

25 mg/m3

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs

Basis for revised IDLH: No inhalation toxicity data are available on which to base an IDLH for p­phenylene diamine. Therefore, based on health considerations and acute oral toxicity data in animals [Burnett et al. 1977; Hanzlik 1923; Lloyd et al. 1977], a value of about 50 mg/m3 would have been appropriate. However, the revised IDLH for p­phenylene diamine is 25 mg/m3 based on the concentration recommended originally in the Standards Completion Program for deciding when the "most protective" respirators should be used. Because sensitized workers may be affected by concentrations far below occupational exposure limits, exacerbation of asthma cannot be used to set an IDLH.

0.005 mm Hg

LC50 (rat) = 920 mg/m3/4H

Explanatory Notes

Flash point = 311 deg F; VP less than 1 mm Hg at 21 deg C (technical product); [HSDB]

Reference Link #2

Yes

Yes

MetHgb is secondary toxic effect

Hepatoxic (a) from occupational exposure (secondary effect) or (b) in animal studies or in humans after ingestion

Yes

Not classifiable

Not Classifiable

Diseases

Occupational diseases associated with exposure to this agent:

• Asthma, occupational
• Contact dermatitis, allergic
• Contact urticaria

Processes

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:

• Dressing Hair
• Fur Dressing and Dyeing
• Leather Tanning and Processing
• Photographic Processing
• Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)