Dinitro-o-cresol

Synonyms

Dinitro-ortho-cresol; 2,4-Dinitro-6-methylphenol; 2,4-Dinitro-o-cresol; 2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol; 3,5-Dinitro-2-hydroxytoluene; 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol; 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresolo [Italian]; 4,6-Dinitro-o-kresol [Czech]; 4,6-Dinitrokresol [Dutch]; 6-Methyl-2,4-dinitrophenol; AI3-01567; Antinonin; Antinonnin; Arborol; C.I. 10310; Capsine; Chemsect DNOC; DNOC; DNOK [Czech]; Degrassan; Dekrysil; Detal; Dillex; Dinitro; Dinitro-o-cresol (VAN); Dinitrocresol; Dinitrodendtroxal; Dinitrol; Dinoc; Dinurania; Ditrosol; Dn-dry mix no. 2; Dwunitro-o-krezol [Polish]; Effusan; Effusan 3436; Elgetol; Elgetol 30; Elipol; Extrar; Flavin-Samdoz; Hedolit; Hedolite; K III; K IV; Kreozan; Kresamone; Kresonite-E; Krezotol 50; LE dinitrocresol-4,6 [French]; Lipan; Neudorff DN 50; Nitrador; Nitrofan; Oranz viktoria [Czech]; Prokarbol; Rafex; Rafex 35; Raphatox; Sandolin; Sandolin A; Selinon; Sinox; Toluene, 3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxy-; Trifocide; Trifrina; Winterwash; Zahlreiche bezeichnungen [German]; o-Cresol, 4,6,-dinitro-; [ChemIDplus]

Category

Herbicides, Nitroaromatic

Description

Yellow, odorless solid. [insecticide]; [NIOSH]

Sources/Uses

"DNOC is used as a selective herbicide and as an insecticide." [ACGIH]

Comments

The pathophysiology, like that of pentachlorophenol, involves the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Yellow stains appear on the skin after dermal contact with the nitroaromatic herbicides. Fatal poisoning can occur after dermal absorption. Cataracts have been reported in animal experiments and after occupational exposure. In severe poisoning, these herbicides can cause injury to the liver and kidneys. [EPA Pesticides, p. 104-5] Sheep fed 70 mg/kg develop a moderate methemoglobinemia with dyspnea and hyperthermia. DNOC is absorbed by inhalation and through the skin. Most occupational poisonings occurred in agricultural workers. Can accumulate from excessive, repeated exposure; "DNOC causes an increase in metabolic rate that results in elevated body temperature (hyperpyrexia). Severe exposure may cause coma and death. Exposure also causes a yellow pigmentation of the skin, hair, sclera, and conjunctivae." Insufficient information to recommend SEN (dermal sensitizer). [ACGIH] Secondary acute renal failure after dinitrophenol and dinitro-o-cresol poisoning has been reported. [LaDou, p. 418] 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol is a potential skin sensitizer. [Quick CPC]

Biomedical References

Yes

Yes

0.2 mg/m3, inhalable fraction and vapor

0.2 mg/m3

5 mg/m3

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs

Human data: An exposure of 4.7 mg/m3 per day resulted in fever, a basal metabolic rate of 400, rapid pulse and respiration, profuse sweating, shortness of breath, and cough [Fairhall 1957]. A single oral dose 75 mg produced no toxic effects in five volunteers [Harvey et al. 1951]. [Note: An oral dose of 75 mg is equivalent to a worker being exposed to 50 mg/m3 for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.]

0.00012 mm Hg

LCLo (cats) = 40 mg/m3/4 hr

Explanatory Notes

VP from HSDB;

No reports found; [TDR, p. 567]

Reference Link #2

MetHgb is secondary toxic effect

Hepatoxic (a) from occupational exposure (secondary effect) or (b) in animal studies or in humans after ingestion

Yes

Other Poison

Uncoupler

Diseases

Occupational diseases associated with exposure to this agent:

• Acute tubular necrosis
• Cataract, chemical or radiation induced
• Pentachlorophenol/Dinitrophenol, acute poisoning

Processes

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:

• Farming (Pesticides)