p-Nitrochlorobenzene

Synonyms

p-Chloronitrobenzene; 1-Chloor-4-nitrobenzeen [Dutch]; 1-Chlor-4-nitrobenzol [German]; 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene; 1-Cloro-4-nitrobenzene [Italian]; 1-Nitro-4-chlorobenzene; 4-Chloro-1-nitrobenzene; 4-Chloronitrobenzene; 4-Nitro-1-chlorobenzene; 4-Nitrochlorobenzene; Benzene, 1-chloro-4-nitro-; PNCB; p-Chloronitrobenzene; p-Nitrochloorbenzeen [Dutch]; p-Nitrochlorobenzene; p-Nitrochlorobenzol [German]; p-Nitroclorobenzene [Italian]; p-Nitrophenyl chloride; [ChemIDplus] UN1578

Category

Nitros, Aromatic

Description

Light yellow crystalline solid with a sweet odor; [CAMEO]

Sources/Uses

Used to manufacture dyes, rubber, and insecticides; [ACGIH]

Comments

Listed in a table of "Industrial Chemicals for Which Methemoglobin Formation is the Principal Cause of Toxicity"; liver injury seen in subchronic animal studies; [ACGIH] Can induce methemoglobinemia; May cause skin sensitization; [ICSC]

Biomedical References

Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

Yes

0.64 mg/m3

1 mg/m3

100 mg/m3

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs

Human data: Workers exposed intermittently for 0.5 to 1 hour over many months to concentrations ranging from 7 to 400 mg/m3 (average of 90 mg/m3) had only vague complaints of tiredness, loss of appetite, headache, and afternoon fatigue [Watrous and Schultz 1950]. Because of the strong and disagreeable odor, these workers voluntarily wore respiratory protection when exposed to the higher concentrations [Watrous and Schultz 1950].

0.0219 mm Hg

LCLo (rat) = 16,100 mg/m3/4H

Explanatory Notes

Flash point = 127 deg C; VP from HSDB;

must be preheated

Yes

MetHgb is primary toxic effect

Hepatoxic (a) from occupational exposure (secondary effect) or (b) in animal studies or in humans after ingestion

Possible (2b)

Confirmed Animal

Diseases

Occupational diseases associated with exposure to this agent:

• Contact dermatitis, allergic
• Methemoglobinemia, acute