Stoddard solvent

Synonyms

Dry cleaning safety solvent; Mineral spirits; Petroleum solvent; Spotting naphtha; [NIOSH] Texsolve S; Varsol; [ATSDR Case Studies # 33] UN1993

Category

Petroleum, Refined

Description

Colorless liquid with a kerosene-like odor. Stoddard solvent is a mixture of straight and branched chain paraffins (48%), naphthenes (38%) and aromatic hydrocarbons (14%).The odor threshold is 1 to 30 ppm. [ACGIH]

Sources/Uses

Stoddard solvent has been used as a paint thinner and general purpose industrial solvent. It has been used in dry cleaning. [ACGIH] In semiconductor manufacturing, Stoddard solvent is used to "develop" the pattern in the photoresists; [CHS, p. 44]

Comments

TSCA Definition 2008: A petroleum distillate, free from objectionable odors, that boils in the range of 149.deg C to 204.5.deg C; [ChemIDplus] Stoddard solvent and other petroleum distillates (VM & P naphtha and kerosene) can cause anesthesia, slowing of reflexes, and dermatitis. Stoddard solvent may contain n-hexane with the potential to cause peripheral neuropathy. [LaDou, p. 543] Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons cause trivial hepatic injury in animal experiments. [Haddad, 226t] See "Solvent naphtha (petroleum), medium aliphatic."

Reference Link #1

Biomedical References

Insufficient data

100 ppm

500 ppm

3390 ppm

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs

Human data: It has been reported that the atmospheric concentration immediately hazardous to life is probably between 5,000 and 10,000 ppm when high temperature or other factors make these concentrations attainable and exposure to levels approaching 5,000 ppm should be avoided [Rector et al. 1966]. [Note: A concentration of 5,000 ppm is equivalent to about 29,500 mg/m3 assuming an approximate molecular weight of 144 for Stoddard solvent.]

1.5 mm Hg

1 ppm

LC (rat) = >5,500 mg/m3/4H

Explanatory Notes

IDLH = 20,000 mg/m3 which is 3390 ppm assuming a MW of 144; Odor threshold (<1 ppm) from CHEMINFO; Flash point = 110 deg F; VP from HSDB;

Reference Link #2

high ambient temp required

Acute solvent syndrome

Hepatoxic (a) from occupational exposure (secondary effect) or (b) in animal studies or in humans after ingestion

Yes

Diseases

Occupational diseases associated with exposure to this agent:

• Encephalopathy, chronic solvent
• Solvents, acute toxic effect

Processes

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:

• Dry Cleaning
• Metal Degreasing
• Painting (Solvents)
• Petroleum Production and Refining
• Semiconductor Manufacturing
• Silk-Screen Printing
• Working with Glues and Adhesives

Activities

Activities with risk of exposure:

• Intalagio printing
• Lithography printing
• Painting
• Sculpturing plastics
• Woodworking